The Bible is the ultimate resource for overcoming any negative emotion, especially anger. Find encouragement in scripture as you explore and resolve your angry feelings and resentment.
About a week ago, I received an email from a reader. She saw my post on overcoming disappointment, and she asked if I could help her. She is suffering in an unbearably unjust situation, and she is angry and resentful at the person causing it.
I can't share her whole story, but the details are unimportant. Your anger and resentment are as real and honest and justified as hers are. They're understandable.
And she's looking for answers and instructions, just like you are.
I prayed about this woman and her family, and I prayed for you. I prayed that God would give me the words to help both of you.
My therapist says that anger is always masking a more vulnerable emotion. I think it's helpful to look at that more vulnerable emotion and to deal with that, but you can come back to that later. For now, let's just talk about the emotions you're feeling.
12 Bible Verses & 5 Steps to Overcoming Anger and Resentment
Concrete steps make sense to me. Give me a numbered list, and I'm a happy camper. So I created a numbered list for you.
Following the steps isn't as easy as 1-2-3. The steps are where the real work lies. I am praying that you are challenged by these steps, and that you find a way to get through them all.
- Control your temper. (Let's start right away with the hard stuff!)
When people mistreat us and there's nothing we can do about it, we get mad. It isn't fair. Parents see it in their young children who are constantly on the lookout to make sure everything is fair.
The gut reaction to get upset in the face of unfairness never really goes away. God's Word says that we are to control our tempers, even in the face of unfairness.
Sensible people control their temper; they earn respect by overlooking wrongs. -Proverbs 19:11
Earn respect. What if the respect of men isn't what you're after?
Understand this, my dear brothers and sisters: You must all be quick to listen, slow to speak, and slow to get angry. Human anger does not produce the righteousness God desires. -James 1:19-20
The righteousness God desires. Ouch. We may be able to brush off the respect of men, but the righteousness of God doesn't go away so easily.
Do to others as you would like them to do to you. -Luke 6:31
When we overlook wrongs, we treat others the way we want to be treated. But what if the wrong is something really big? What if we can't just get over the strife?
We still have choices. If the wrong is something monumental - abuse, neglect, criminal - then DO SOMETHING. Don't just get angry, but take action. Take your indignation and enlist the help of someone who can stop it.
The reader who wrote to me has endured her situation for five months. Certainly, she has been slow to anger. But now, she is furious.
What next?
2. Don't let your feelings control you. God recognizes that sometimes, we do get angry. Often, we need to in order to remedy a situation or to spur us on to action.
Don't sin by letting anger control you. Think about it overnight and remain silent. -Psalm 4:4
He is saying to think about your situation, and see if it merits your fury.
Are you saying something like, "YES! It does! I have a right to be mad. Is that wrong?"
Being upset isn't a sin, but being controlled by your feelings is.
And don't sin by letting anger control you. Don't let the sun go down while you are still angry, for anger gives a foothold to the devil. -Ephesians 4:26-27
So you're there. Don't let the sun go down while you are still angry. Find a way to work it out, pray through it, move past it before you give the devil an in-road to your psyche.
Need a pick-me-up? Go do something kind for someone. Volunteer your time. Do good, forgetting about the person who's made you angry for a while.
Stop being angry! Turn from your rage! Do not lose your temper - it only leads to harm. -Psalm 37:8
All scriptures are God-breathed, right? Every word is true. So what of this? Stop being angry?! How do you just stop?
3. You pray. Pray for yourself. Pray for the person who is making you have big feelings. Pray for the situation. Pray that your heart will be softened and you'll forgive.
People can't change people. Only God can change people.
Right now, YOU need to be changed, and the person who's hurt you needs to be changed. Give yourself permission to just focus on you for now. Ask the Holy Spirit of God to change you and get rid of your anger despite the rotten situation you're in.
But now you must put them all away: anger, wrath, malice, slander, and obscene talk from your mouth.
Put on then, as God's chosen ones, holy and beloved, compassionate hearts, kindness, humility, meekness, and patience, bearing with one another and, if one has a complaint against another, forgiving each other; as the Lord has forgiven you, so you also must forgive. -Colossians 3:8, 12-13
You are holy and beloved, my friend. You are, and you deserve better than what these feelings are doing to you.
4. Forgive. I said these steps weren't going to be easy. Pray that you can forgive the person who's hurt you. Pray it every day, every hour, every minute if you have to. (What if it's too hard? Here are more Bible verses to help you with forgiveness.)
Get rid of all bitterness, rage, anger, harsh words, and slander, as well as all types of evil behavior. Instead, be kind to each other, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, just as God through Christ has forgiven you. -Ephesians 4:31-32
It's the Golden Rule again. Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. Treat the person who's hurt you with the same tenderhearted kindness that you treat your kids with.
I heard once that holding unforgiveness in your heart is like drinking poison and expecting the other person to die. Unforgiveness is toxic to your soul. It affects every part of your life, and it manifests in sickness, in tension, and in anger.
Do not judge others, and you will not be judged. Do not condemn others, or it will all come back against you. Forgive others, and you will be forgiven. -Luke 6:37
We are required to forgive as the Father has forgiven us, to refrain from holding a grudge, to let go. It is not optional - and it does not come easily.
5. Love. Forgiveness is one thing, but loving is another thing entirely. Loving your enemy - the very person who's hurt you - is also required by scripture.
Not suggested, required.
The very thought makes me feel sick for you.
You don't want to act in a loving way towards the person who's hurt you. Not at all.
That's where prayer comes in again. Pray that you'll have compassion and kindness for that person. (And keep praying it until it happens.)
Love your enemies! Do good to them. Lend to them without expecting to be repaid. Then your reward from heaven will be very great, and you will truly be acting as children of the Most High, for he is kind to those who are unthankful and wicked. -Luke 6:35
This passage goes on to say that even sinners are kind to those who love them, but it takes something special to be kind to an enemy.
You see, we don't get to have vengeance. It's not ours; it's God's alone. We are called to love God and love one another, the end.
Never pay back evil with more evil. Do things in such a way that everyone can see you are honorable. Do all that you can to live in peace with everyone. Dear friends, never take revenge. Leave that to the righteous anger of God.
For the Scriptures say,
"I will take revenge;
I will pay them back,"
says the Lord.Instead, If your enemies are hungry, feed them.
If they are thirsty, give them something to drink.
In doing this, you will heap
burning coals of shame on their heads.Don't let evil conquer you, but conquer evil by doing good. -Romans 12:17-21
You see, Jesus didn't just die for you, my righteous friend. He died for the person who's hurt you, too. He loves both of you the same. It doesn't seem fair (there's a parable about that), but it is so.
Jesus died for both of you because you're both sinners.
Different stories, different sins, same black marks.
For God has not destined us for wrath, but to obtain salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ, who died for us so that whether we are awake or asleep we might live with him. Therefore encourage one another and build one another up, just as you are doing. -1 Thessalonians 5:9-11
Save these Bible verses on anger and resentment in a convenient black and white printable below. You can work on memorizing and meditating on them, one at a time.
If you need help with a system for memorizing verses, check out this post on our family's memorization habit.
jenine says
Hi I'm very tormented by anger that sometimes I smoke. I gave it up for almost 3 years now but for the past 3 months have been relapsing. I am a bible college student and I don't know why I'm letting anger, hurt and frustration get to me. My husband neglects me he hurts me by putting his mother and niece before me. He sees to them. Embarrases me and doesn't give me enough of love. O don't know what to do. Please pray for me. I am worried abt my salvation, even has I'm relapsing everytime I get angry. Please please reply
Ashley says
I will pray for you and that you may find comfort and love. All we truly need to feel whole and content is God's love, and if we don't then we are not looking/praying for it. Ask god in your prayers to fill you with his love and show you his love for you. I hope things get better
Tricia says
I am angey, yes, my daughter is constantly finding things wrong with me! I don't show my anger to jer, but at home , I cry, and wonder what it is I'm doing wrong! I have been a good mother and still am. She is married now and had my first grandson with. Today I will be seeing her and I am very nervous, such is why I am looking for help and wisdom to get thru this day.....i am so sad! I loved her and my grandbaby!
Ashley says
My mom and I fight a lot. Almost 2 years ago I moved out of her house because it got really bad, we clash so terribly and our fights get really ugly. Recently I've come back to stay for a little while. We were on good terms because we were not any eachothers way for so long. But it's the third night here and we are already fighting like we used to. She is unreasonable and she loves to scream and slam doors and throw things when she is angry. There is no winning in an argument once she gets going there is no end and no reason. It's made me realise how much I hate being around her. I know she is my mother and she has done so much for me but when I think about her screeching at me I feel so much hatred in my heart and it makes my body physically uneasy and I stay upset for hours. I don't want those feelings I want to feel love and respect for her but I just can't. The way she acts and handles situations makes me so angry and frustrated. I really just need God to change my heart and make me understanding. Any advice?
Jess says
Thanks for this article. May the Lord bless and proper you in His will
Thanks to ALL for your honestly in sharing your experiences, many can learn wisdom.
But if we walk in the light as He is the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus Christ His Son cleanses us from all sin. 1 John 1:7
I also have struggle with anger and resentment and how how I found this post.
Thank God
He heals the brokenhearted and binds up their wounds. Psalm 147:3
God hears your cry for helpe and will help you.There is something about crying out to the Lord. He responds with Love, mercy and compassion. He watches over His word to bring it to pass, read and pray the Word. God knows exactly what in your heart be honest with the Him and trust Him to help you.
God bless you all and thanks for your obedience in writing this article. May the Lord use it for His glory.
Shay says
I don't believe I found this site by accident but I'm so glad I did. Sometimes I tend to think I'm the only one going through trouble (although that is NOT the case at all). Currently I'm involved with a guy I care deeply for. I literally do anything for him and he doesn't seem to appreciate it or at least ever return the favor. Not that I'm looking for him to do things back but it would be nice to show he cares. I've been biting my tongue for months and have been acting out in love despite all the pain he causes me, but I'm getting to the point where I'm starting to think that doing good only bites you in the behind. I treat him better than most but he treats me worse than most. What's wrong with this picture? Am I the fool? What do I pray for? I've been trying to show this guy what God's love is really like but I'm getting tired. I don't know how much more I can handle. I build him up while he tears me down.
Tara Ziegmont says
I'm so sorry for what you're going through Shay. Is he a Christian? It sounds like maybe he isn't, in which case I wonder if this relationship is a good idea at all.
S.o says
Honestly there has been a total reformation in my heart thank you soooooooooooooo much honestly.
Judy Green says
I looked this up and I want to let you know that I enjoyed reading all of it . I don't bother no one ,but my enemies continue getting in my personal business . Then they smile in my face whenever I run into them. The wife looks like Satan with red eyes , her husband looks like a dwaft devil with a sneaky grin . I am trying to get to heaven so I don't have time for their cheap games ,they don't have the decency to say that they are sorry because they're not . I forgive them anyway , but I need you to pray for me because I've been through pure hell for the past 4 years , because of lies , betrayal, hate , and much more . I don't want to snap on my enemies.
Grace says
Really struggling with resentment and anger my husband of five years whos been with me since we were fifteen cheated on me. Hes been the only person who has ever been there for me first and only friend, i feel so alone and worthless. A family member iwast extremly close with is completly siding extremly other woman except not to my face. I just dont know what to do and dont really see a way out.
Len says
Good day Tara. I thanked G-d for people like you who's really helping people like me on dealing angry and resentment. Every word you wrote and every Bible verses you qouted are exactly piercing to my heart making it soft and striking to my mind making it open. This article really help me pause for a moment and made me absorb into my heart what you are talking. I just really need to be humble and be open and do need to pray heartily to be able to apply this in my daily life. Thank you Tara and please continue to do so. You are a blessing.
Sandra says
I am trying to forgive my daughter but she shows no compassion towards me. I have had problems with the law because of her and just can't forget. She has a son now and I need to control my actions around him...Please pray for our family..Amen
marlyn lumbay says
wow thank you so much for this verses.....
Ann says
I have been going through a lot for almost 5-6years with my family members. My brother is mentally unwell and when he is discharge from the mental hospital he would come home and ruins the peace of the family because of his conditions and mental state (which I believe can be also spiritual attacks). He would talk, sing and shout non-stops at time and even get all angry and violent towards my family and I. I have been threaten verbally and hit physically when his condition worsen. It was hell for my family and I.
Beside the constant fear I have to go through when he is back from the hospital, I have to sleep in the same room with my elder sister who is constantly shouting and being extremely rude to me. Many a times I tried to be nice to them but I will always end up getting angry and find myself defeated by angry and stress over and over again. I pray and have cried countless nights when everyones is asleep only to find myself depressed. Through the years, anger has build up so high that I get so angry with the smallest things said or done by my family members. I came to a point where my faith is on the rock and I have very shaken. Getting out of my house during in the day to work it's such an escape for me.
After reading your I felt led by the Holy spirit to write down word by word to forgive each and every member of my family. The many comments above have help me understand each of us have our own difficulties in life and when we are weak God's said we will be strength (we will be strong). I have made a decision of moving out for my own sake as it has affect my work, my sleeps and health living in a toxin environment. It wasn't an easy decision to be separated from my family and extra incurs of monthly rental especially when I am a fresh grad that just started working not long ago but I have to do that.
Thank God for leading me and sending the right people to pray for me and encourages me. Thank God for speaking to me through this post. May we find true peace in forgiving those who hate us and hurt us as God have forgiven us.
May peace and grace be release to each and everyone of you in Jesus name. Amen! 😀
Don't let evil conquer you, but conquer evil by doing good.
-Romans 12:17-21
dez says
AMEN HALLELUJAH TO THAT
Dennis says
I am resentful i went church for many years and tonite. I was told there was valentine party but only for the married. And just said see yoy next week i am alone alot ans read the word each day lam. Healed of colon cancer.
and 2 heart attacks. brought about from chemo in va hospital it helps tovent this i suppose i wiil begin in some other church where loving the body christ and loving one another as we are is so blantly and ignorently misunerstood. Thankyou for your ministry
Ashley Morren says
Currently dealing with a situation that won't get resolved over night and know I have hatred building up. I honestly just did a Google search for verses for those feeling betrayed....and this amazing article came up. Very powerful and very much needed to see the "sleep on it" part, as it's very fresh and tempting to address with evil having a foothold. Thank you for sharing this guidance from the Father! Now, more prayers.
Jennifer says
Thank you, I will be sharing this with my daughter who struggles with anger.
Joe Lanza says
It does not work in the streets and ghettos of New York City. Been a victim all my life from all average people.I will never let go and hold a grudge forever.It is a negative world.
dez says
Wow you be surprised we as believers go threw!first I like to thank God for stumbling across this article so divine.#2 thank u for allowing God to use u.& thanx everyone for keeping it real u never know who it will helpwell my story go a little like this I've been in this place feeling upset,angry, disappointed!pretty much every negative emotions u could think of.i was suppose go to an outing I was already in an angry state already because I was just at my end wit's waiting on people who have no consideration for time! my situation being without a car really taken a toll on me now having to ask for help as well Waite for people.jesus help meI'm a very punctual person! In all that I got left didn't end up going to the outing and blew up my feelings we're hurt I was ready to rock&roll you give me a time I'm ready before hand.when I blew up it was on my friend who said they were going get me but forgot me!I've haven't talk to her if anything I believe she should reach out to me!she left me! She said she giving me space! Ok AND to top it off there a group people we hang out with we're all close group like a little family.well since she giving me my space it seem like the whole group is giving me my space! I'm hurt I feel like screw it.i don't care don't need none of u!!when I really,really need a shoulder cry on !NO ONE there.so not I'm I only made &angry with the one friend who left me .but I'm angry with her& the group who say we're family.not ONE of them try reach out to me see how I'm doing NOTHING! !!! just feeling like saying O!!well forget it!! Is it godly?No just pray for me please thank u all
Sasha says
Hi everyone, I'm 15 now and I came across this website while looking for a way to help my aunty. She seems to be really angry with her brother and they haven't been talking, I think she's just holding in all her hurt and taking it out on other people. Because of this whole situation, I haven't seen my uncle's kids for about 6 months now and I really miss them. Any suggestions on how to help my aunty forgive him and release her anger and hurt??
Lachlan says
I have a situation where my parents have been fighting nonstop and I think they are going to soon file in a divorce. I don't know how I feel because my dad puts me down a lot for being a girl but then there are times when he is actually a loving father and I don't know whether I love him or not and whether I want them to go through with the divorce or try and live together. What should I do?
Sue Ayotte says
I think I really needed this blog today. I needed to be reminded...Pray for those who despite fully use you. (and in my case those who don't). I think I am the one with anger issues and I am so sad about it. I want to live a consecrated life and yet I struggle against resentment and sometimes irrational anger. We have a homeless person that has lived with us intermittently for 3 years. I told my husband he will need to leave by June of this year. He has had plenty of time to make arrangements and neither my husband or he have done too much of anything to make it happen. The fella is heading for homelessness again. In the mean time my house is a wreck and I assume at every turn that this very disfunctional guy is the one always in the wrong even if it's me!!! Boy do I have work to do on myself!
Vivian says
A woman of God said to me that I should pray against anger I knew she is saying the truth , so I began to search on internet about prayers for anger although she gave me bible passage to read but I still needed more so immediately i saw this on internet I was very delighted to see this on internet.
I was in a relationship that lasted over 4 years but later the guy left me and married another person even when he had already proposed to me , in fact during that period I felt like killing him or wished that something bad should happen to him but later I just manage to forget about him and said to myself he is not my husband and I moved on. So after so many years he called me I was very shocked he said to me that he called me to asked for forgiveness and that for more than 10years now the wife cannot conceive not even miscarriage. I replied him that I have forgiven him long time ago, to make him believe that I have forgiven him I asked him for money immediately he gave me.
Now my question is it wrong to accept money or gift from him?
Sparrow17 says
I think you already know the answer: yes, it would be very wrong. This man is married, unless the gift comes from them as a couple at the wife's suggestion, then you should not take anything. Already you are on dangerous ground by letting him confide in you, a person of the opposite sex, about the very private struggles he and his wife are going through, without including his wife in the conversation. Stop now and pray for forgiveness, and for strength against temptation. If he calls again give him the contact details of a Christian marriage counsellor.
Ashley says
Thank u for this. I have been saved and baptized but this anger for certain people eats at my heart. They treat me hateful and make fun of me. I feel now I can handle this anger now if I really try hard. I love everyone but it seems like because of my past and happy personality that I can be the person everyone loves to put down and make me feel so unworthy. It makes me feel like im empty inside. Reading this and prayer have helped the emptiness inside me turn into forgiveness. Thank u
Angelica says
What a blessing this post is! Any of you reading this right now put your right hand on your heart and ask God to heal your heart this very moment. His love is so great and when you give your life to Him with all your burdens and tribulations, ask Him to guide you every moment you wake up in the morning. When you open your heart to Jesus, all this anger will begin to melt away as you continue to let Him take over.
MB says
I have been lashing out at my mom & also my co-workers. Pretty much anyone that annoys me. I know as a christian that is the wrong thing to do. Not quite sure where the anger is coming from exactly. I think it's mainly from disappointment in myself. I just came out of a 2+ year relationship with a guy who used me for money. He never had and always begged me and like a dummy because I was in love I gave it to him. That is just one of my disappointments. I just want the anger to go away so that I don't lose my job and so that I can be pleasing to GOD. I know that I am a good person with a good heart who will basically do anything for anyone. I just want to change because I'm so tired of feeling down, hurt, and angry all the time. I stumbled upon this blog and I am grateful I did because I wrote down every bible verse and will surely be reading them all to see if it can transform my mind. I'm emotionally drained. Please pray for me because I'M TIRED.....
Tammy says
I live with an abusive roommate who use to be a friend. I lashed out at everyone because I was hurt and angry about the abuse. Thank you for this article. It has truly helped me see that I am responsible for my anger. I pray God takes it from me. I do now forgive and with compassion I will move out.
Martha says
I am not angry at God, just impatient for i live in pain everyday,physically and mentally, please pray for me to be able to be patient and control my anger towards myself
Arlene says
Thank you for that. It has opened a new door for me with God. Please pray for me and the anger I now have a way to conquer.
Mary kirk says
On March 18,2017on my birthday my friend that I was dating for about14 mths.asked me to marry him.I accept the proposel. On 3/31 He put a ring on my finger. Everything was fine going well. At first we wanted a court house wedding and then I decided since this is my first wedding, I want a wedding that consist of 150 guest. On 4/13 the table turned. I text to say good morning and said" I love you" and he didn't respond back. I called him and he didn't answer so I left a message and said" when someone say I love you, a respond back would be nice. He texted back and said" I am being to detailed." then he continue to say that we should start over as being friends because things are moving to fast. Now I haven't seen him in person for a while.. He want call or text unless I call or text him.tried several of times to ask can I come to spend time with him it's always I'm busy ,working or not availiable. My heart is broken and I'm angry and disappointed with the entire situation. I feel that he played on my emotions during a time when I was going threw with the loss of my father who died with cancer on 4/22. I'm torn to peices inside out. I don't like to feel angry or resentment toward anyone because that is not of Christ ways but how can I get threw this. Please pray with me I need clarity.
Anna Machacek says
Mary,
Sometimes it is difficult for us to let go of something that is not God's best for us. I experienced domestic violence in my marriage and moved out. My children do not want me to go back but a part of me wants to. I am having a hard time knowing God's will in my situation because I am letting feelings get in the way. After all, everyone is entitles to a mistake and deserve a second chance...right? In my case, my husband admitted to wanting to hurt me a lot more than he did. Another chance could turn out bad for me. I guess what I am saying is sometimes we need to sit back and let God be in control. If God wants us to be with someone, he will turn their hearts towards us. If not, thank God he will not have an opportunity to hurt you worse if he had a next time to do it.
Shanu says
Hello I came across your blog now I am really having a problem to let go of anger for something that has been happening to me for years. My mother in law who never liked me from the first time she heard of me always insulted me. I am overweight and was slim so she trived when people told her she looked younger than me. About 18 years ago she fell sick and had an operation done where by part of her colon was removed because of cancer. She has to daughters and another daughter in law but nine of them wanted to care for her I took her in helped her,took her for chemotherapy for 10 months when she finally go better she refused to stay with us saying someone from her church told her she must move from my house or she will die at my house. Anyway she moved back to her son and finally to her daughter but she was always sick. Last year she fell very sick and had to under go another operation. She was worried about who was going to take care of her unfortunately I had a back op a few years ago and didn't volunteer to take care of her. She was with her young daughter an ended up get infection and being hospitalise over and over again. Finally she passed away this year. Her daughter refused to do anything for her when she came out of the op and use to leave her with the domestic worker an go away. At the funeral her daughter's pastor insulted us for not taking care of her, while her daughter to care of her she took all the praise. Than daughter had a thanksgiving for her mom and again her pastor unsulted us and pick on my sickness of depression. I got up and waked away. My sister in law wanted to know if I was quilt of something. When my mother in law was a live we had bought her appliances my sister in law took everything. My mother in law had a small insurance which she said must divide among the four of them she is not telling anyone about the money. I do not want anything but also I do not want to be treated like a criminal. I have suffered depression, anxiety, stress headaches, I am getting sick all the time because I cannot let go of the anger and hurt. My husband tells me I am suffering because I sinned. Please help me all I want is to do what is right by God.And His will for my life.
Lost says
Im not sure where to start. So I'll go straight into it. I was in a relationship about 2 months ago. It lasted 4 months. It was short. But we got along quite well. Although many would disagree. My parents weren't the fondest of him, due to his constant video game life. (We are both in our 20`s) . He also quit college and is working in his family owned business. We had met at church. He seemed like a strong Christian like me. However, He put me through a lot. A month into our relationship, he texted me at 3 am. He told me, he was going to commit suicide. I called the police, and he told me, I saved his life. From that day forth, it seemed as I'd I was on edge all the time. He gave me scares that he would do it again. I would practically cater to his ever need. I regret having relations with him. We went far in our relationship. I regret to say it, but we did. I wanted to end it many times, but he guilted me every time . One day, we were on a nice date at his house. I then said we needed to stop our pda. He agreed and told me he loved me. That very day, as I got home. He ignored my messages and calls for five hours. He later messaged me. But it was to only break up with me. He never gave me a reason. He then told my friends about how it was me that ignored him. I moved on from it. I work at my church. I prayed about it. But every time I see a post he post about "how he loves his relationships and friends.. and how he cherishes them..." It makes me feel sick, hurt, and I guess bitter. I'm thinking it's because I know what he did and it seems he never really loved me. I know God's word. I know I'm forgive and that God restores. But why do I still feel hurt?
Amanda says
Thank you for posting this. I was just crying over a sink of dishes and left them there, and i googled 'ways to overcome anger after being hurt". This popped up. I needed every verse right now. I started crying harder. God Bless your writing.